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- The 1933 analysis by Niels Bohr and Léon Rosenfeld convinced most physicists that any notion of returning to a fundamental description of nature based on classical field theory, such as Albert Einstein's numerous and failed attempts at a classical unified field theory, was out of the question.
- Quantum mechanics was developed in the early 20th century by physicists Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schrödinger, and Werner Heisenberg.
- The Bohr–Einstein debates are Albert Einstein's and Niels Bohr's long-running exchanges about the meaning and status of quantum mechanics.
- The old quantum theory, which includes the work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Niels Bohr, was never complete or self-consistent and was rather a set of heuristic corrections to classical mechanics.
- Quantum mechanics arose gradually from theories to explain observations that could not be reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem and the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, which explained the photoelectric effect. These early attempts to understand microscopic phenomena, now known as the old quantum theory, led to the full development of quantum mechanics in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and others.
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claimThe 1933 analysis by Niels Bohr and Léon Rosenfeld convinced most physicists that any notion of returning to a fundamental description of nature based on classical field theory, such as Albert Einstein's numerous and failed attempts at a classical unified field theory, was out of the question.
claimQuantum mechanics was developed in the early 20th century by physicists Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schrödinger, and Werner Heisenberg.
claimThe Bohr–Einstein debates are Albert Einstein's and Niels Bohr's long-running exchanges about the meaning and status of quantum mechanics.
claimThe old quantum theory, which includes the work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Niels Bohr, was never complete or self-consistent and was rather a set of heuristic corrections to classical mechanics.
accountQuantum mechanics arose gradually from theories to explain observations that could not be reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem and the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, which explained the photoelectric effect. These early attempts to understand microscopic phenomena, now known as the old quantum theory, led to the full development of quantum mechanics in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and others.